欧盟“Fit for 55”政策效应及其借鉴意义——基于碳期货和碳现货价格关联性的实证检验Policy Effects of the EU's Fit for 55 Package and Its Implications for China:An Empirical Test Based on the Price Linkages Between Carbon Futures and Carbon Spots
张琳,于浩天,刘沛东,葛亦非,肖阳
摘要(Abstract):
伴随欧盟“Fit for 55”一揽子政策的推进,欧盟碳排放交易体系(EU-ETS)正面临成立以来最为深刻的制度性变革。2026年成为这一进程的关键节点:免费配额的持续压减、碳边境调节机制(CBAM)正式进入征费阶段以及航运业被纳入100%履约责任,三项调整对碳市场供需基本面产生了结构性冲击。在此情势下,碳排放配额(EUA)期货与现货价格之间的关联形态可能随之改变。本文围绕“Fit for 55”政策框架,系统考察欧盟碳期货与碳现货价格关联性的演变特征,着重探析政策冲击如何通过预期调整与供需重构两条渠道,改变期现货价格关系的动态表现。研究基于EU-ETS第三、第四交易阶段(2015—2026年)的数据,运用时间序列分析方法,识别“Fit for 55”关键政策节点所产生的价格传导效应。实证结果显示,政策落地后期、现货价格的协整关系显著增强,长期均衡方程的解释力较此前提升,表明明确的长期政策信号能够通过提高价格发现效率来增加市场稳定性。考虑到我国碳期货品种欠缺,上述发现具有双重借鉴意义:一方面,应加快碳期货产品的创设,以提升碳定价的效率与价格运行的稳定性;另一方面,应以长期政策的清晰度与可预见性筑牢市场信心基础。
关键词(KeyWords): Fit for 55;EU-ETS;碳期货
基金项目(Foundation): 国家社会科学基金一般项目(项目编号:24BGL215)
作者(Author): 张琳,于浩天,刘沛东,葛亦非,肖阳
DOI: 10.19766/j.cnki.zgzqqh.20260727.001
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